Jeff Hawkins, "On Intelligence" | Autism과 뇌

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On Intelligence

 

 

 Jeff Hawkins, with Sandra Blakeslee, "On Intelligence" (2004)

 

MIT Technology Review: Conversation With Hawkins On AI & Brain

 

Neocortex는 높이 2.5mm, 단면 1mm X 1mm인 기둥(neocortical column)들을 (세워) 테이블 냅킨 크기가 되도록 옆으로 포갠 것으로 생각할 수 있다. 이 책에서 저자는, neocortical column들이 기본적으로는 다 'a common algorithm'으로 작동한다는 Vernon Mountcastle의 1978년 가설에 기초해서, neocortex 기능 이론의 뼈대(framework)를 제시한다. 위의 MIT TR의 기사를 읽어보니, 저자는 이 책 이후 지속된 연구 결과를 새 책으로 출판했다: "A Thousand Brains: A New Theory Of Intelligence" (2021). (새 책이 마침 도서관에 있어서 빌려서 읽고 있다. 서가에 그 바로 곁에 있던 Joseph Jebelli, "How the Mind Changed: A Human History of Our Evolving Brain" (2022)도 빌려왔다, 유쾌한 보너스다.)

 

 

 

본문에서:

   

    [Vernon] Mountcastle [in 1978] argues that the reason one region of cortex looks slightly different from another is because of what it is connected to, and not because its basic function is different. He concludes that there is a common function, a common algorithm, that is performed  by all the cortical regions. (p. 51)

 

    The human cortex is particularly large and therefore has a massive memory capacity. It is constantly predicting what you will see, hear, and feel, mostly in ways you are unconscious of. These predictions are our thoughts, and when combinded with sensory input, they are our perceptions. I call this view of the brain the memory-prediction framework of intelligence. (p. 104)

    

    To make predictions of future events, your neocortex has to store sequences of patterns. To recall the appropriate memories, it has to retrieve patterns by their similarity to past patterns (auto-associative recall). And, finally, memories have to be stored in an invariant form so that the knowledge of past events can be applied to new situations that are similar but not identical to the past. (p. 105)

 

    If one region stores sequences of patterns, every region stores sequences. If one region creates invariant representations, all regions create invariant representations. (p. 125)

 

    These feelings of a mnd independent of physicalness are common and a natural consequence of how the neocortex works. Your cortex creates a model of the world in its hierarchical memory. Thoughts are what occur when this model runs on its own; memory recall leads to predictions, which act like sensory inputs, which lead to new memory recall, ans so on. (p. 199)

 

 

 

Autism과 뇌

 

Stephen Wiltshire 이야기 --- Bulent Atalay, "Beyond Genius"에서

 

The modern artist/illustrator Stephen Wiltshire visited a studio in Brooklyn's Pratt Institute where he set up shop and spent a week drawing an 18 ft (5.5m) three-dimensinal panoramic depiction of all five boroughs of New York City. All buildings, streets, docks, windows, and doors, thousands of details in all, were drawn with near-perfect scale, the entire panorama based on his memoty of a twenty-minute helicopter ride over the city.... Wiltshire cannot fail to dazzle anyone with his photographic memory. Just prior to his teen years the artist had been diagnosed with autism. (p. 371)

 

Hawkins의 Neocortex Model은 Stephen Wiltshire의 그림을 어떻게 설명할 수 있을까?

 

Stephen Wiltshire의 그림 (인터넷에서) --- 20분간 헬리콥터에서 조망한 도시를 기억으로 그렸다.